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Citing Electronic Publications |
Citations of electronic sources and those of print sources
should accomplish the same ends and have similar formats. Both types of
citations identify a source and give sufficient information to allow a reader to
locate it. Yet each type requires a different kind and amount of
information to fulfill these objectives. Electronic texts are not as fixed
and stable as their print counterparts. References to the electronic works
therefore must provide more information than print citations. A citation for an
electronic publication, such as a document from an Internet site, may have as
many as five divisions, unlike a book or article in periodicals which usually
have three main division..
Editors Note: When line length forces you to break a Web
address, always break it after a slash mark.
See MLA Handbook for more detailed citation references.
The
Basic Entry: A Document from an Internet Site:
The typical entry for an entire online scholarly project, information
database, journal, or professional site consists of the following items:
(please note, this is not for a library subscription database such as from
LiLI-Databases).
Author's
name. "Title of the document." Information about print
publication.
Information about electronic publication. Access
information.
Zeki,
Semir. "Artistic Creativity and the Brain." Science 6 July 2001:
51-52.
Science Magazine. 2002. Amer. Assn. for the Advancement
of Science.
If no print publication is stated, cite only the electronic publication, following the .
"This Day in Technology History: August 20." History Channel.com.
2002 History Channel. 14 May 2002 <http://
www.historychannel.com/>.
Path: Technolgoy History; This Day in Technology History.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. 2002. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15 May
2002 <http://www.britannica.com/>.
A
Work from a Library Subscription Service.
A Document
within a Scholarly Project or Information Database
To cite
an article, a poem, a short story, or a similar short work or document within a
project or database, begin the citation with the author’s name and, in
quotation marks, the title of the work, be sure to give the "print
information" for the article: the date of publication and page number just
as you would for a published magazine citation. Continue
with the relevant information for the project of database, the date of access
and if possible, conclude with the URL of the specific document or, if the URL
is impractically long and complicated, the URL of the site's search page. (MLA
6: 5.9.7)
Structure:
1. Author, if given
2. Title of Article (enclose with quotations)
3. Date of the
Magazine or Journal.
4. Title of project or
database (underlined)
5. Name of
the library (with a city, a state abbreviation, or both if useful).
6. Date of access
7. Network address (URL).
An Article in a Magazine found on-line in a Database:
Koretz, Gene. "Economic Trends: Uh-Oh, Warm Water." Business Week 21
July 1997: 22. Electric Lib. Sam Barlow High School Lib., Gresham, OR.
17 Oct. 1997 <http://www.elibrary.com/>.
Nobel, Dennis L. "The China Sailor's Homer." Proceedings
of the United
States Naval Institute Apr 2002: 74+. Military & Government Collection.
EBSCOhost. City of Mountain Home, ID. Mountain Home High School
Lib.10 Mar. 2005 <http://search.epnet.com/>.
An
Entire Internet Site:
The typical entry for an entire online scholarly
project, information database, journal, or professional site consists of the
following items: (please note, this is not for a library subscription
database)
Structure:
1. Title of the site (underlined)
2. Name of the editor of the site (if given)
3. Electronic publication information (version Number, date of electronic
publication or update, name of a sponsoring institution)
4. Date of access and URL.
If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.
History Channel.com 2002.
History Channel. 14 May 2002 <http://
www.historychannel.com/>.
Encyclopaedia
Britannica Online. 2002. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15 May
2002 <http://www.britannica.com/>.
Cite a non-periodical publication on
CD-ROM or diskette like you would a book, but add a description of the medium of
publication [MLA 191].
Structure:
1. Author's name (if given). If only an editor, compiler, or translator is
identified, cite that
person’s name, followed by the appropriate
abbreviation (ed.,
comp., trans.).
2. Title of Publication (underlined)
3. Name of the editor, compiler, or translator (if relevant)
4. Publication medium (CD-ROM, Diskette)
5. Edition, release, or version (if relevant)
6. Place of Publication
7. Name of Publisher
8. Date
If you cannot find some information, cite what is available.
Afro-Louisiana Histroy and genealogy, 1699-1860. Ed. Gwendolyn Midlo Ahall. CD_ROM.
Baton Ruoge: Louisiana State UP, 2000.
Encyclopaedia
of Islam. CD-ROM. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
E-mail
Communication
To cite
electronic mail, give the name of the writer; title of the message (taken
from the subject line and enclosed in quotation marks); a description of the
message hat includes he recipient (e.g., “E-mail to the author”; and the
Date of Message. (MLA 199)
Boyle, Anthony T. “Re: Utopia.” E-mail to Daniel J. Cahill. 21 June1997.
Interview
Ackroyd,
Peter. Interview. Bold Type. Nov. 2001. 25 June 2002 <http://
www/ramdomhouse.com/boldtype/1101/ackroyd/interview.html>.
Writing Advice
Citing Printed Sources
Citing
Electronic Sources
* A
Sample of a List of Works Cited Page