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Citing Electronic Sources

Scholarly Projects or Information Databases (CIS) |  Typical Website  |  Online PeriodicalOnline Press Releases
A work from an online service:  EBSCO, ProQuest, SIRS, CIS  |
Computer Software  |  E-mail Communication

Note: When line length forces you to break a Web address, always break it after a slash mark.  See MLA Handbook for more detailed citation references.


A Document within a Scholarly Project or Information Database
To cite an article, a poem, a short story, or a similar short work or document within a project or database, begin the citation with the author’s name and, in quotation marks, the title of the work.  Continue with the relevant information for the project or database, the date of access and the URL; be sure to give the URL of the specific work or document rather than that of the project or database if they are different. (MLA 180)

Structure:  
1. Author, if given
2. Title of Article (enclose with quotations)
3
Title of project or database (underlined)
4
Name of the editor of the project or database (if given).
5. Electronic publication information, date of electronic publication or the 
    latest update, and name of the organization.
6. Date of access 
7.  Network address (URL). (If the URL address is too long, use the project
    database URL and include the keyword or path, see page 18 & 19 of this 
    document).   (MLA 180)

Signed Article:

Dove, Rita.  “Lady Freedom Among Us.”  The Electronic Text

        Center. Ed. David Seaman. 1998. Alderman Lib., U of Virginia. 19

        June 1998 <http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html>.

Typical Web Site Citation

“This Day in History: August 20.” The History Channel Online. 1998.

          History Channel. 19 June 1998 <http://

          www.historychannel.com/this day/today/980820.html>.

An Article in an Online Periodical
Structure:  
1. Author’s name, if given.  
2. Title of work, or material
(in quotation marks)
3. Name of Periodical
(underlined)
4. Volume Number, issue number, or other identifying number
5. Date of Publication (abbreviate the month except for May, June &
    July).

6. Total number of page(s), the page range, paragraphs, or other
    sections, if they are numbered.)
7. Date of access and network address, or URL. 
If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.


An Article in a Scholarly Journal:
 Elam, Diane. "Disciplining Woman:  Feminism of Women's Studies."

          Surfaces 5.101 (1995): 11 pp. 24 June 1998 
<http://

          tornade.ere.umontreal.ca:80/~guedon/Surfaces/vol5/
elam.html>.


An Article in a Newspaper Article:
 “Endangered Species Act Upheld.” AP Online  22 June 1998. 
           <http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/w/

            AP-Court-Endangered-Species.html>.


An Article in a Magazine:

Guckenberger, Katherine.  “A Convent with a View.” Atlantic Unbound

         22 Jan. 1998. 26 June 1998  <http://www.slate.com/atlantic/


         unbound/abroad/kg980122.htm>.

An Anonymous Article:

“Fleeting Consciousness.” US News Online 29 June 1998. 1 July               

          1998  <http://www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/980629/

           29brai.htm>.

A Review:
Ebert, Roger. Rev. of  The Truman Show, dir. Peter Weir.

          Chicago Sun-Times Online 5 June 1998. 16 June 1998

         <http://www.suntimes.com/output/ebert/05show.htm>.

Press Releases (Online) 
Structure:  “Title (if included) or Subject/Topic or Name.”  Issuing agent.  Press release  Day Month Year.  Online.  Internet.  Day Month Year of Access.

         “Dole Campaign Roars past $20 Million Mark.”  1995 Dole for President, Inc. 

                    Press release 16 Oct. 1995.  Online. Internet. 17 Dec. 1995.

A Work from an Online Service (e.g., ProQuest, EBSCO, SIRS & CIS)
Structure:
Author, if given. Editor, if given. “Title of Article.”  Title of project or database, Electronic Publication information, date or update and name of the database, Access Date. URL.  [MLA 195]

If the service you are using provides a URL for accessed material, follow the recommendations given above for an “Online scholarly project or information database”.  Sometimes these services supply material without giving a URL address. (MLA 195)
If the user retrieves such material by entering a Keyword, complete the citation by writing Keyword and the word itself following the name of the service and the date of access:

Bennett, William. “What Hath the Beatles Wrought? Rock and Roll and

     The Collapse of Authority.” The American Heritage. May/June

     1997: 72. American Online. 4 Nov. 1999.  Keyword: Beatles and

      Rock and Roll.

If instead of entering a keyword the user follows a series of topic labels, write the word Path and specify the sequence of topics you followed to obtain the material; use semicolons to separate topics.

 “Cloning.” Biotech’s Life and Science Dictionary. 30 June 1998.

         Indiana U. American Online. 4 July 1998. Path: Research and

         Learning; Science; Biology; Biotechnology Dictionary.

To cite online material without a URL that you derive from the MHJS Library (the subscriber), complete the citation by stating the name of the database used (underlined), if known; the name of the service provider; the subscribing institution; and the date of access. If you know the URL of the service’s home page, give it in angle brackets, immediately after access date. 

Marin, Rick. “Still Mad for Clockwork After all These Years.” New York 

      Times. 8 Aug. 1999.   MasterFile Premier.  EBSCOhost. Mountain Home Junior High Lib., . 

       20  Apr. 2000    <http://www.epnet.com/ehost/ login.html>.

"Occupations, High School Teachers." Idaho Career Information System.

         Into Careers., University of Oregon. 2004. Mountain Home Junior High

        Lib., 19 Jan. 2005  <http://idcis.intocareers.org/>.

 

Computer Software:  A Publication on CD-ROM, Diskette, or Tape 
Cite a non-periodical publication on CD-ROM or diskette like you would a book, but add a description of the medium of publication [MLA 191].

Structure: 
1. Author (if given). If only an editor, compiler, or translator is
    identified, cite that person’s name, followed by the appropriate 
    abbreviation (ed., comp., trans.).
2. Title of Publication (underlined)
3. Editor, compiler, or translator (if relevant)
4. Publication  Medium (CD-ROM, Diskette) 
5. Edition, release, or version (if relevant)
6. Place of Publication
7. Name of Publisher
8. Date
If you cannot find some information, cite what is available.

Signed Article:

Thiesmeyer, Elaine C. and John E. Thiesmeyer. Editor:  A System for

        Checking Usage, Mechanics, Vocabulary, and Structure. Diskette.

        Vers. 5.2. New York: MLA, 1996. 

Unsigned Article:

Magill’s Survey of Science. CD-ROM. 1998 ed. Pasedena : Salem,

        1998.

E-mail Communication
To cite electronic mail, give the name of the writer. title of the message (taken from the subject line and enclosed in quotation marks). a description of the message that includes he recipient (e.g., “E-mail to the author”. and the Date of Message. (MLA 199)

Boyle, Anthony T. “Re: Utopia.” E-mail to Daniel J. Cahill. 21 June

        1997.

Online Posting to an E-mail Discussion List
Structure: Author. “Document Title in quotations marks as given in subject line.” Online posting. Day Month Year. Name of Forum (if known; e.g., Humanist Discussion Group). Date of Access. <Online address>. 

Merrian, Joanne. “Spinoff: Monsterpiece Theatre.” Online posting.

        30 Apr. 1994. Shaksper: The Global Electronic Shakespeare

        Conf. 30 Oct.1996 http://www.arts.ubc.ca/english/

         iemls/shak/shak-L.html.



 
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